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Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Tutorials > Automotive > APP 746
Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Tutorials > Circuit Protection > APP 746
Keywords: current sense IC, high side, current sense, amplifier, unidirectional, bi-directional, bidirectional,
over current protection, short circuit protection, current sense resistor, current source, fuel gauges, fuel
gages, battery charging current
TUTORIAL 746
High-Side Current-Sense Measurement: Circuits
and Principles
Nov 19, 2001
Abstract: This application note describes the use of current-sense amplifiers, differential amplifiers, and
instrumentation amplifiers to measure battery charge and discharge currents in smartphones, tablets,
computer notebooks, and USB accessories. It compares high-side current sense amplifiers with low-side
differential amplifiers and recommends selection criteria for current-sense resistors. A high-voltage circuit
breaker is described to provide system over-current protection due to faults and short circuits.
Application circuits for a variable linear current source and a programmable 0–5A current source are
included.
Current measurement (i.e., monitoring current flow into and out of electronic circuits) is an essential skill
for a designer and necessary in a wide range of applications. Examples of applications include
overcurrent protection, 4–20mA systems, battery chargers, high-brightness LED control, GSM base
station power supply, and H-bridge motor control for which you must know the ratio of current flow into
and out of a rechargeable battery (that is, the gauge function).
As more applications have become portable, demand has increased for dedicated current monitors that
accomplish their task in a small package and with low quiescent current. The following discussion covers
low-side and high-side current monitors and includes their architectures and applications.
High- or Low-Side Monitor?
Most current-measurement applications employ either the low-side principle, in which the sense resistor
connects in series with the ground path (Figure 1), or the high-side principle, in which it connects in
series with the hot wire (Figure 2). These two approaches pose a trade-off in different areas. The low-
side resistor adds undesirable extraneous resistance in the ground path. However, the circuitry
associated with the high-side resistor must cope with relatively large common-mode signals. Moreover, if
the op amp in Figure 1 has its GND pin referred to the positive side of R
SENSE
, then its common-mode
input range must extend below zero, that is, to GND - (R
SENSE
× I
LOAD
).
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MAX4173TEUT+T 数据手册

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MAX4173 数据手册

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Maxim Integrated### 电流感应放大器电流感应放大器的电压输出与极低值电阻器的电压降成比例,通常在高电流电源导轨。 因此可测量电源导轨的电流。
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低成本, SOT23封装,电压输出,高边电流检测放大器 Low-Cost, SOT23, Voltage-Output, High-Side Current-Sense Amplifier
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