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ADE7763ARSZ 开发手册 - ADI（亚德诺）
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ADI（亚德诺）
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特殊应用集成芯片
封装:
SSOP-20
描述:
ANALOG DEVICES ADE7763ARSZ. 芯片, 能量计, 单相, SSOP-20
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ADE7763ARSZ数据手册
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Application Note AN-639
Rev. A | Page 3 of 16
METERING
What are the pros and cons of using AFE over SOC?
Analog front-end (AFE) ICs provide flexibility to the energy
meter manufacturers in terms of their microcontroller choice,
interfacing, and selection of required features, whereas SOCs
include a microcontroller. AFE ICs also provide flexibility in
regard to manufacturing cost, which can serve a wide range of
customers and applications.
With increasing interest in developing communication
capabilities of the meters, AFEs let the manufacturers select
the microcontroller of their choice. In addition, when meter
designers look to upgrade their microcontrollers, AFEs are
the clear choice because SOCs cannot be altered easily.
What is the life span of a metering IC?
Tests such as autoclave (AC), biased HAST (HAST), high
temperature storage life (HTSL), solder heat resistance (SHR),
temperature cycling (TC), temperature humidity bias (THB),
high temperature operating life (HTOL), electrostatic discharge
(ESD), and latch-up tests are conducted to demonstrate the
reliability of ADE ICs. More details on the tests conducted on
each product and the durability of the ICs are provided in the
Reliability Handbook.
What is the difference between active, reactive, and
apparent energy?
Active energy is measured in kilowatt hours, while reactive and
apparent energy are measured in VAR hours and VA hours,
respectively. Figure 1 shows the relationship between active,
reactive, and apparent energy. The relationship shown in
Figure 1 holds true for pure sinusoids at the fundamental
frequency. In the presence of harmonics, this relationship is
not valid.
Figure 1. Power Triangle
The
relationships
are as
follows:
Active Power = VI cos θ
Reactive Power = VI sin θ
Apparent Power = VI
Power Factor = cos θ
Utilities typically bill customers on active energy consumption
only. When the load is purely resistive, only real or active
energy is transferred. However, if the load is either capacitive
(in the case of capacitive voltage transformers) or inductive
(in the case of motors), reactive energy also flows. Utilities,
however, care most about apparent power because even though
the current associated with the reactive power does no work
at the load, it heats the wires, wasting energy. Conductors,
transformers, and generators must be sized to carry the total
current, not just the current that does useful work.
What is the power factor?
The quantity cos (θ) is known as the power factor, where θ is
the angle between active and apparent power vectors (and no
harmonics are present). The general definition of power factor
(PF) is, therefore, the ratio between real (or active) and
apparent power.
werApparentPo
rActivePowe
PF =
Some utilities charge a penalty for a low power factor. Common
causes of a low power factor are induction motors and trans-
formers. Reactance is introduced onto the line when current is
displaced or shifted out of phase with the voltage by an angle θ.
What is creeping in regard to energy meters?
Creeping is the phenomenon in which the energy meter still
shows some minimal energy consumption when there is no
load attached to the meter. This is due to some inherent real
world noise and it causes inconvenience to customers because
they are billed even if they have not consumed any electricity.
All ADE ICs have a no-load threshold at a minimum to prevent
this phenomenon.
CURRENT SENSORS AND INPUT SECTION
What current sensor should I use with ADE ICs?
Analog Devices does not currently partner with or recommend
any current sensor manufacturer. Meter manufacturers and
other customers must perform their own evaluation and
selection of current sensors. If the full dynamic range of ADE
ICs' performance is desired, then care should be taken to use
current sensors that have the desired accuracy over this range.
However, some of the benefits and drawbacks of the different
current sensor technologies are provided in Table 1.
ACTIVE POWER
REACTIVE POWER
APPARENT POWER
θ
03598-001
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